Wednesday, July 31, 2019

Gender issues in America today Essay

Women of the whole world face problems on their way to have equal rights with men. These problems differ and depend on the laws of the country they live in. By the last 40 years in the US, thanks to the activity of women’s rights movement, women succeed in the struggle for equal rights, but till the complete equality with men in the aspects of professional practice, salary and policy, there are far more left to gain. American women who want to raise their children in the world with more equality try to change the situation and find some people who have the same position on the issue among representatives of different political parties and members of nongovernmental organizations. When in 1960 drugs which help to control the birthrate came into existence it became possible for women to choose their own life journey. Marriage, children and housekeeping stopped to be the only opportunity. Harmless and more trusting contraception provided women with possibility to appreciate the alternative to all their traditional roles in society. At the same time in the 60s the movement for civil rights, demanding to put an end to racial discrimination and the act about civil rights of the year 1964 undermined the gender discrimination too. This is why the verdure of women’s movement in 70s was not just a case of fortune. Representatives of women’s movement were demanding equal professional opportunities and law defense for all American women. As a result in 60s – 80s the Congress constituted several laws oriented to protect women’s rights. Among them injunction of the Supreme Court of 1965 which opened for women the access to professions earlier considered as men’s ones, the injunction of the Supreme Court of 1971 which forbid the employers to deny women with preschool children, and a law published in 1970 which prohibit gender discrimination in all educational programs financed by government. By the end of 70s among labor force were more women than ever before in peace history (during the Second World War a lot of women went to work, when their men were on battlefields but after 1945 they returned to household chores). But as women were making progress in the career their possibilities were gradually restricted. A term â€Å"glass ceiling† describe the invisible barrier which faces a lot of women on their carrier ladder whilst their men-colleagues with the same professional skills and experience avoid all these problems. In the 80s in the US were accepted several laws oriented to ease the affect of â€Å"glass ceiling† so, for example, in 1984 the injunction of the Supreme Court prohibited to oppose to women’s joining clubs. Earlier these clubs gave to men the capacity of intercommunication for the purpose of further career development. In the same year the Supreme Court resolved that legal services have no right to restrain the career development of their employees in virtue of gender. However the problem of â€Å"glass ceiling† is still exist in the US. In 2002 two members of the House of Representatives – a man and a woman – submitted a report on the problem. The report dwells upon the fact that still too few women occupy administrative positions almost in all spheres. In the report it was also mentioned that the wage gap now is 80 cent earned by woman for every dollar earned by man. â€Å"The wage gap is a statistical indicator often used as an index of the status of women’s earnings relative to men’s. It is also used to compare the earnings of other races and ethnicities to those of white males, a group generally not subject to race- or sex-based discrimination. The wage gap is expressed as a percentage (e. g. , in 2005, women earned 77% as much as men) and is calculated by dividing the median annual earnings for women by the median annual earnings for men. The Equal Pay Act was signed in 1963, making it illegal for employers to pay unequal wages to men and women who hold the same job and do the same work. At the time of the EPA’s passage, women earned just 58 cents for every dollar earned by men. By 2005, that rate had only increased to 77 cents, an improvement of less than half a penny a year. Minority women fare the worst. African-American women earn just 69 cents to every dollar earned by white men, and for Hispanic women that figure drops to merely 59 cents per dollar. The wage gap between women and men cuts across a wide spectrum of occupations. The Bureau of Labor Statistics reported that in 2005 female physicians and surgeons earned 60. 9% of the median weekly wages of male physicians, and women in sales occupations earned just 63. 4% of men’s wages in equivalent positions. If working women earned the same as men (those who work the same number of hours; have the same education, age, and union status; and live in the same region of the country), their annual family incomes would rise by $4,000 and poverty rates would be cut in half. † It is also interesting to follow up how the wage gap was changing through years : â„â€" Year Percent â„â€" Year Percent â„â€" Year Percent 1 1951 63. 9 20 1970 59. 4 38 1988 66. 0 2 1952 63. 9 21 1971 59. 5 39 1989 68. 7 3 1953 63. 9 22 1972 57. 9 40 1990 71. 6 4 1954 63. 9 23 1973 56. 6 41 1991 69. 9 5 1955 63. 9 24 1974 58. 8 42 1992 70. 8 6 1956 63. 3 25 1975 58. 8 43 1993 71. 5 7 1957 63. 8 26 1976 60. 2 44 1994 72. 0 8 1958 63. 0 27 1977 58. 9 45 1995 71. 4% 9 1959 61. 3 28 1978 59. 4 46 1996 73. 8 10 1960 60. 7 29 1979 59. 7 47 1997 74. 2 11 1961 59. 2 30 1980 60. 2 48 1998 73. 2 12 1962 59. 3 31 1981 59. 2 49 1999 72. 2 13 1963 58. 9 32 1982 61. 7 50 2000 73. 3 14 1964 59. 1 33 1983 63. 6 51 2001 76. 3 15 1965 59. 9 34 1984 63. 7 52 2002 76. 6 16 1966 57. 6 35 1985 64. 6 53 2003 75. 5 17 1967 57. 8 36 1986 64. 3 54 2004 76. 6 18 1968 58. 2 37 1987 65. 2 55 2005 77. 0 19 1969 58. 9 Here we may see how year after year American women were fighting and wining cent by cent nowadays amount of their salary. There are also periods when they were losing positions but on the whole we see gradual percentage growing from 63. 9% in 1951 to 77 in 2005 and the struggle continues. What do women do now? First of all more and more women enter colleges and universities and work within the chosen profession. Women have the opportunity to act participating in operations of nongovernmental organizations as Fund of businesswomen and women-professionals, American association of businesswomen, American association of women with university education, National association of working women ect. Activity of women from nongovernmental organizations is diverse. Some of them collect money for promotion of more women in government. Others like members of American association of businesswomen offer to create unions for experience exchange and improving of professional skills for women who dream about successful career. Many of these organizations try to influence the US government in order to pass laws oriented to support the campaign against women’s discrimination. Some of them like National women’s organization conduct national protest actions drawing attention to the most vexed women’s problems. More and more men and women get involved in movement for gender equality, send e-mails to the members of Congress or contribute money to nongovernmental organizations, because they want their daughters to have more opportunities of choice. Women in national policy. Quantity of women represented in national policy grows but that is still not equality. In the year 2004, for example, women occupied 14 out of 100 seats in the US Senate, 59 out of 425 seats in the House of Representatives (the number of women in legislative body of the US is more than 22. 4%), 2 out of 9 seats in Supreme Court, 3 out of 15 seats in the Presidential Executive Office but there was no woman in the Cabinet. The example of nongovernmental organization working in order to increase the number of women in the US government is the Emily’s List, famous for having collect money for election to the US Senate of 6 women – which is still remains a record. Women also write letters to the elected representatives, expressing their opinion on topical issues, aggressively intervene in local centers of republican and democrat supporters all over the country, assist to many nongovernmental women’s organizations and take part in mass political actions. One of the mass action, oriented to gain gender equality is the program â€Å"Take Our Daughters to Work†. It was started about 10 years ago in order to show to the next generation of American women the importance of education, professional women’s abilities and to organize forum for girls. Companies permitted to the employees to bring their daughters to work at one day so that they could see the professional life of the parents. Now this day received a name â€Å"Take Our Daughters and Sons to Work Day†. Women’s rights movement which was so active in 60s and 70s provided millions of American women with the access to education, opportunity of career development, economical independence and strengthened their influence in political sphere. Nowadays US women are able to achieve much more and have more opportunities to choose than 40 years ago. Major part of American women feels their responsibility to create equal society for their children. To have equal rights for American women doesn’t mean to be less feminine or less caring for their children. This is something much deeper and more global, that means they should be treated as humans whose ideas are to be taken seriously, who have the opportunity to show their power and who are respected.

Tuesday, July 30, 2019

The Process of Conditioning

Florida Sahay Professor Griffin Psychology 1101 Fall 2009 The Conditioning Process It was raining when Sarah was driving home from work. Both she and the driver of the car in front of her were speeding. The car in front of her had immediately braked. There was not enough distance between that car and her own car to safely slow to a stop, so she had quickly switched lanes to avoid a car accident. Instead, the slick pavement caused her car to swerve out of control. When her car finally skidded to a stop, it was inches away from colliding into a tree.Two weeks later, Sarah noticed that she had become anxious every time she had to drive in the rain. Believe it or not, Sarah’s anxiety is due to an associative learning process called conditioning. According to Weiten (2008), conditioning involves learning associations between events that occur in an organism’s environment (p. 169). Although psychology has a grasp on how we learn through classical and operant conditioning, it is impaired by biological constraints.Classical conditioning, also referred to as Pavlovian conditioning (Weiten, 2008), was discovered by a Russian physiologist, Ivan Pavlov. This form of learning presents how an unconditioned stimulus (UCS), or a neutral event, is initially unable to evoke an unconditioned response (UCR), or a reflexive response, but attains the ability to do so by pairing with another stimulus that can elicit such a response. Sarah’s situation would be an example of classical conditioning. The UCS would be Sarah’s near-death experience. The UCR from Sarah was anxiety and fear.Now that she feels anxiety and fear every time she must drive when it rains, even if there is no chance of another accident, her reaction has become a conditioned response (CR) to the rain, which is now the conditioned stimulus (CS). Another type of conditioning is operant conditioning. Operant conditioning (Weiten, 2008) can be distinguished from classical conditioning in that classical conditioning explains how manipulations by events occur before the reflexive response, whereas operant conditioning explains how the response is influenced by the following result of an event.The response in operant conditioning is not reflexive, but rather, voluntary. Therefore, according to Weiten (2008), operant conditioning is a form of learning in which voluntary responses come to be controlled by their consequences. Operant conditioning occurs on an everyday basis. It can be identified when a child studies hard to earn good grades, an employee works hard to earn a raise in his/her salary, or even a dog performing tricks to earn a treat.Conditioning was assumed to be applied to any species that could respond to a stimulus. On the contrary, discoveries in recent decades have shown that there are limits to conditioning. These limits are due to an organism’s biological heritage (Weiten, 2008). Instinctive drift is one of the many biological constraints. Instincti ve drift was first described by the Brelands who were operant psychologists in the business of training animals for commercial purposes (Breland & Breland, 1966 as cited in Weiten, 2008).This occurs when the conditioning process is hindered by an animal’s response due to innate predispositions. For example, a dog can be trained to fetch a stick, but if the dog is presented with a bone, the dog would most likely run off somewhere to bury the bone. This is because of the dog’s innate food- preserving behavior. As stated by Michael Domjan (2005 as cited in Weiten, 2008), organisms have developed distinctive response systems to deal with vital tasks and survival skills over the course of evolution.The principal view of psychologists today on learning is that learning mechanism among different species are analogous, but some of these mechanisms have been altered due to the demands of the organism’s environment. Theories of conditioning did not allocate the role of co gnitive processes until recent decades. Edward C. Tolman and his colleagues (Tolman & Honzik as cited in Weiten, 2008) developed an experimentation in which they used three groups of rats. All three groups were to run through a complicated maze. Group A was rewarded food daily when they were able to get to the end of the maze.Group B did not receive any food and group C was rewarded food on their 11th trial. Group A showed a much improvement in a short course of time (approximately seventeen days) due to the reinforcement. Group B and C, however, showed little improvement over the course of 10 days. After the 11th trial, group C showed a drastic improvement and even exceeded group A. Tolman determined that the rats in group C have been learning the maze just as much as group A. The motivation of the reward seemed to increase group C’s potential.He termed this as latent learning, which is dormant knowledge that an organism has, but does not express until it is needed. Later on in the study of psychology, cognitive factors were integrated into the study of conditioning. A major theme during the study of conditioning was nature vs. nature (Weiten, 2008). Behavioral traits were thought to be explained through environmental factors, but the recent decades of evidence from the study of classical and operant conditioning has proved that the process of conditioning is impaired by biological constraints.Heritage and the environment once again challenge the theories of nurture when influencing behaviors in organisms. Child-care facilities, schools, factories, and major businesses have all been applied with principles of conditioning in order to improve. Classical and operant conditioning has been a significant contribution and has had a major influence to society.References Weiten, W. (2008). Psychology: Themes & variations briefer version (7th ed. ). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.

Human Resource Management Overview Essay

Human Resource Management is a very important key to any business there are many areas that relies on the people that work in this field. Working in this field takes a lot of dedication and time not only as a person but as a team member as well. Let me go ahead and get started discussing the importance of Human Resource Management. First of all, what is Human Resource Management also known as HRM? Human Resource Management is a group of people within an organization that focuses on recruiting new employees, providing directions to the current employees, etc. Human Resource Management responsibility is to work with issues related to people such as compensation, hiring, performance management, organization development, safety, wellness, benefits, employee motivation, communication, administration, and training [(About. com) ]. Human Resource Management is also a strategic and comprehensive approach to managing people and the workplace culture and environment [(About. com) ]. Effective Human Resource Management enables employees to contribute effectively and productively to the overall company direction and the accomplishment of the organization’s goals and objectives [(About. om) ]. The goal of Human Resource Management is to maximize the productivity of an organization while treating employees with respect and keep them safe at the same time. What is the primary function of Human Resource Management? When it comes to a primary function to Human Resource Management; this is a difficult area because there is more than one function th at is important in this area. As I can recall there are four main functions that revolves around this job category. The first major function is what they call acquisition in which this consists of planning for employees which involves the following; needs of employees, skills needed, recruiting, and hiring (11Ju). The second major function is development which consists of basically training activities (11Ju). The third function involves compensation which includes paying the employees and giving them incentives (11Ju). The fourth function that I can think of is maintenance which involves employee benefits, insurance, and etc (11Ju). So with this being said I can not narrow it down to one primary function. The main role for Human Resource Management in an organization’s strategic plan is the following. Human Resource Management works directly with the employees and they are aware of the employees needs and aware of the surrounding that the employees are put into. So therefore their main role is to help the others decide if a certain change would benefit or hurt the employees’ production, etc. Having some members from Human Resource Management aware of the strategic plan is critical when an organization is making plans to change something because they are able to say what they need to in order to keep the employees safe in the environment while making changes as necessary. If the HRM is left out of this type of planning there could be problems in a lot of different areas, Human Resource Management is able to see if the actions will interfere with the employees progress. In conclusion to this paper, there have been several important areas covered concerning Human Resource Management throughout this paper. The first section consisted of material that described what human resource management is in detail. The next section that was covered is concerning what the primary function of Human Resource Management is. The last section that was covered is the role that human resource management plays in an organizations strategic plan.

Monday, July 29, 2019

South Korea Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

South Korea - Research Paper Example In any country, the daily life of people is guided by cultural practices and believes. In South Korea the daily lives of the South Korean people is guide by Century-old Confucian principles. These principles include among others dedication to hard work and a devotion to family and society. Another unique cultural aspect of the South Korean Society is the use of both the Gregorian calendar and the lunar calendar. The Lunar calendar, with its ties to the land and awareness of changing of seasons assist them in identifying seasons and activities of those seasons. Unlike other societies, their festivals and holidays are based on the lunar calendar so it is advisable that one take necessary measures when planning a visit to this country (Lee 13). According to Lee (13), another part of Confucianism deeply practiced among the South Koreans is the idea of the patriarchic system that regards fathers as the most responsible members of the family and gives elders very much honor. In addition, i n this kind of system, the fathers can only undertake certain activities of the society and in most cases; the father is expected to lead in everything a family does. The problem with such a system is when the father turns to be irresponsible or he is not there at all. These can lead to some of the important family activities failing. In addition, Lee (13) states that the most predominant traditional festival among the South Koreans is the traditional Jesa. This is a ceremony organized to honor the ancestors. In South Korea rice is the most popular food in South Korea, taken as the main dish at almost every meal. Other parts of the meals may include vegetables, soups, fish, and meat. The most common food among the South Koreans is kuk (soup) and chim (stew) made with vegetables, rice, and meat. In addition to this, they also eat kimch’i. This is a spicy, pickled vegetable dish, which is served with other dishes (Davis 13). Changing from a developing to a developed nation has resulted in the change of the diet of the South Koreas. These changes include the importation of beef that has encouraged meat eating and the availability Americans’ food such as bread, dairy foods, baked goods and fast foods (Drago and Goody 150). Therefore, no one visiting South Korea should be afraid of the issue of food. Like the Chinese, the South Koreans have the culture of using chopsticks to eat instead of the cutlery used by the Western countries (Davis 13). It is important to note that some in-depth South Korean issues can be of interest to us. Some of these issues include ceramics, paintings, sculptures, Architecture, and religion. In this case, I will discuss the issue of religion. This does not mean that other issues are trivial; they are equally important as they are rooted to this community and have been practiced for years. They have also been developing from generation to generation. There are various religions practiced in the country of South Korea. Accordi ng to Clark (29), these religions are in three main categories, which include established religions, newly raising religions and the popular religion. Established religions include Buddhism, Christianity, newly rising religion include unification of churches, and the popular religion include shamanism (Clark 29). The oldest religions in South Korea are ideas, shamanism, and animism. In these kinds of religion, adherence

Sunday, July 28, 2019

Questions from School Law and the Public School Book Assignment

Questions from School Law and the Public School Book - Assignment Example A state that promotes liberty and free will knows when not to mix state affairs with religion. Separation of church and state is paramount in bringing up a society that respects freedom of religion, and which enables people to tolerate others’ religions. The state therefore must not side with one religion over another, or promote the creeds of one religion over another. Although all religions should be taught in schools, the government should not foster the spread of certain religions over others. Students should be given the freedom to choose which religion to belong to, without their schools indicating support of any religion. In the first situation, allowing the Local Church Association to donate a copy of the Ten Commands to be placed in the hallway would be a plus for students who profess that religion. However, it is discriminatory because it highlights the basic teachings of that religion over other religions. It indicates a preference of that religion, which would not be taken very kindly by students whom it does not represent. Placing the Ten Commands in the hallway of the school symbolizes an endorsement of that religion by the school administration. Additionally, the act may influence students to follow the commands and profess the beliefs of that religion. Therefore, the act violates Establishment Clause of the First Amendment to the United States Constitution. It fails the three prongs of the Lemon test in that it does not have a secular legislative purpose. Secondly, it has a primary effect of advancing that particular religion. Thirdly, it results in â€Å"excessive government entanglement† in that it displays direct contact with church authorities (Essex, 2011). In the second situation, applying the lemon test would render starting a Bible club in School a violation of the Establishment Clause. This stipulates that the school is not allowed to establish any religious group including a church. Since the religious group in the school would promote particular religious precepts, this implies that the wellbeing of other religions would be compromised. Furthermore, it is worth appreciating that the school program is already established. Arguably, fixing the religious club as one of the options that students have during the club’s period implies that the school administration considers it equally important and would actually give it an opportunity when given a chance. This contravenes the provisions of the lemon principles that prohibit the government from advancing or inhibiting religion. In the third situation, I would give the non denominational a chance to conduct prayers on a rotational issue, just like the previous principal. From the outlook, the school community is appreciative of religion and does not force its members to participate in the prayers. Furthermore, the prayers do not unfairly promote the beliefs, values and practices of a single region. This is consistent with the provisions of the Est ablishment clause that seeks to uphold the respective state of affairs (Essex, 2011). Question 2 Although the school is responsible for providing religious education, it should not promote the religious precepts of any particular religion. In addition, the students should be at liberty to choose which religious principles to support and promote. Relative decisions need to be personal and should not be influenced by the school admini

Saturday, July 27, 2019

Private International Trade Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Private International Trade Law - Essay Example However, it has no relevance regarding the validity of contract or its provision. The UNIDROIT (the International Institute for the Unification of Private Law) principles also provide a gap-filling role for international Commercial Contracts to support CISG1. Let us examine the case of Wholefoods Limited Company of UK, which is importing quality sea foods and the Russian Company Valadistok who supplies sea foods. It is interesting to note that the court system in UK does not allow application of law to the non-state law. However, under certain clauses, if it is part and parcel of an agreement between the two companies who are authorized to choose arbitration laws subject their dispute to general principles of law alike. At present, a trend is going on to recognize that the legal parameters of legal order that should not be limited to national law. Therefore, the regulations stemming from the reputable arbitration institutions in the globe believe in that legal relation should be governed by the most convenient â€Å"rules of law, take the example of lex mercatoria and the new PECL. It would be in the fitness of things if Lex Mercatoria will ensure that the legal orders of each country could be the principles since Lex is subservient to state concessions. It does exist as an entity to the international trade activity. Conflict of rules often bore results. Legal experts are of the view that national laws were primarily enacted to govern domestic transactions. Therefore, it fails to touch upon the requirements of international transactions. This had ended the impairment of world trade2. In the said case, the only way out to settle the issues between the importer and the exporter is nothing, but an arbitration process since UK is not the contracting party of the CISG whereas the lawyers of the Russian Company are not familiar with the Lex Mercatoria. As far as the commercial arbitration is concerned, it should not be localized

Friday, July 26, 2019

Contrast and compare what the literature has to say on why, despite Essay

Contrast and compare what the literature has to say on why, despite the advance of globalization, business systems in the main i - Essay Example It is argued by him that all decisions about the route to be followed are not made within an organization rather state plays a potentially important role in deciding the character of any business system in addition to determining how the employers should behave and what strategic choices should they make in response to rising globalization when the need arises to not let their businesses grow in isolation from the global business trends. There is greater state involvement in determining a business’s character and the path it would follow. By developing a framework of analysis to examine business systems, Whitley explained at length â€Å"certain components of business systems and their interaction with institutions† (Tempel, 2001, p. 43). Whitley’s concept of national business systems has however been criticized often due to its weaknesses like portraying organizations as â€Å"passive pawns† which have little option but to comply (Scott, cited in Tempel, 2001, p. 42). Employment systems– national systems of training: With the help of extensive research and discussion regarding why it is that business systems in many developed nations continue to diverge, many factors are unveiled. While a market driven approach lays the foundation of employment systems in UK, fully developed vocational educational systems in France ensure high skill development and strict on-the-job training. Such pattern of allocating highly skilled workers even for the lowest jobs is not observed in UK. Germany, in contrast, practices the best system of economy wide vocational educational training. The rate of formal consultation is highest in European countries like Germany, Italy, and Sweden where employees are highly valued (Brewster and Larsen, 2000) in contrast to US or UK. As a result, there exists convergence of skills in contrast to polarization of skills as has been reported in UK business leading to â€Å"dead-end and low-skilled employment† (Crouch, 1997, p. 372). German business has advantaged hugely from VET system which demands continuous retraining and up-skilling (Crouch, 1997, p. 372). Clear difference exists in employment systems and HRM policies between CMEs (Germany, Italy, France etc.) and LMEs (US, UK etc.) (Boyer, 2005) which explains why business systems continue to diverge despite increase in globalization. Reportedly, there is greater polarization in US business systems â€Å"with the bottom 10% of the working population now being absolutely poorer than they were at the end of 1970s† (OECD, cited in Crouch, 1997, p. 370), but they also emphasize more on diversity management (Egan and Bendick, 2003). Japan, however, practices a blend of general education system of a US kind and VET system of a German kind and believes in ensuring diversity of opportunities â€Å"but within a more German context† (Crouch, 1997, p. 373). HRM: In contrast to LMEs (Liberal market economies) like US, UK, and Au stralia, business systems in German, Netherlands, and Swedish market economies show different approach to dealing with HRM. Germany and Scandinavia are CMEs (Coordinated market economies) where legislation value is maximized. CMEs emphasize more on employment regulation in which state plays a greater role than the stock market. All business systems in CME countries have stronger systems of employee voice and there is higher consultation between firms and employees (Farndale, Brewster, and Poutsma, 2008, p. 2008). Now in HRM terms, business systems operating under CMEs are

Thursday, July 25, 2019

See Below Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 13

See Below - Essay Example ood chainsbecause of the monotonous way of performing the same tasks.McDonald food chains havefood recipes with known ingredients and every employee knows those recipes, therefore, each employee is assigned a different task along the food processing line in a sequential manner. For instance, let us take a look at making a mangojuice. Every day, one employee will be unloading mangoes from the truck to the kitchen, another employee will be washing the mangoes, another employee will be cutting the mangoes into small pieces, and another employee will be blending the mangoes to make mango juice. While we can see scientific management improves productivity in this mango juice making process there is also monotony in the process, however, it gets the job done fast and in a simple way. Unlike scientific management theory, classic organization theory being a merger of scientific management, bureaucratic theory and administrative theory, itis widely used in businesses with more emphasis on management with clear line of authorities and hierarchy. For instance, the government of the United States may want to pass a bill about women’s rights in the society, however, because of authority, the house will first pass the bill then the president being the highest authority will sign it into law (Taylor 11) Therefore, we can draw conclusions that both classic organization and scientific management are relevant today, however, it depends on which business you are looking at. If it entails repetitive tasks, then scientific management is the best approach, however if it entails management with authority and hierarchy them classic organization is the best

Film Analysis on Badlands (1973) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Film Analysis on Badlands (1973) - Essay Example It ends with arrest of Kit while Holly receives probation (Sheen and Spacek 1). Editing The movie is edited in an appropriate and excellent manner because it is based on ancient time. This is apparent from the ancient designs of the houses presented in the movie. The clothing in the film suggests that the story happened in the mid 20th century. The film portrays crime and love as the main themes. In as much as love is a good thing, Kits and Holly’s relationship are characterized criminal activities. Holly narrates the story as it begins with her confession of ignorance on the consequences of her actions as well as Kits. The movie employs narration and flashbacks in presentation of the storyline. At the beginning, Holly confesses her ignorance and then proceeds to explain actions that led to her current state using narration. However, the story does not rely on narration alone but rather takes the audience through flashbacks highlighting activities that took place when Holly me ets Kit (Sheen and Spacek 1). The scenes follow in a successful sequence by portraying the lovable yet precarious situation of Kit and Holly. The audience loves the characters at this stage. The audience’s feelings change as they run from Holly burnt home. The editors made it appear as the expectations of the viewer slowly move from a sweet story to a thrilling encounter that is full of suspense and curiosity. The film portrays arrogant nature of Kit and his antisocial behavior. Holly’s narration uses third person as the subject. Her voice portrays her indifference after developing feelings of romance, violence, fear, hope and the ultimate fate that befalls them. Death does not seem to weigh on the conscience of the two lovers. This comes out in Holly’s passive voice as she describes her father’s reaction when he found out that she was secretly having an affair. In a voice devoid of emotions, she says, â€Å"his punishment for deceiving him: he went and shot my dog. He made me take extra music lessons every day after school, and wait there till he came to pick me up. He said if piano didn’t keep me off the streets, maybe the clarinet would† (Klein 1). She emphasizes her father’s treatment towards her and only mentions the death of the dog as a minor explanation (Klein 1). The film does not offer psychological concepts to explain the actions of the two characters. However, the film edition clearly points out the traits of the two characters. Production of the film is based on narration of Holly’s experience. The story follows the transformation of the girl’s innocence because she eventually realizes the processes in the world and law systems. Consequently, it does not explain Kit’s reasons for behaving in the manner he does. The story’s main setting is the road. Consequently, the film has various characters emerging and disappearing. The story only follows the two characters and touche s on their status at different times. Consequently, the production does not employ complex plotting (Sheen and Spacek 1) Sounds The sounds used in this film are both diegetic and non-diegetic. Diegetic sounds portray the world experienced by the characters, Kit and Holly. On the other hand, non-diegetic music allows the audience to understand the circumstances caused by the actions of the two lovers. Diegetic music entails the sounds felt by the characters while non-diegetic sounds are for the sake of the audience (Klein 1). Non-diegetic sounds emerge at

Wednesday, July 24, 2019

The Legal Aspects of Nursing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Legal Aspects of Nursing - Essay Example This can be attributed to the development of advanced technologies, of the changing societies, as well as the increasing complexities not just of the nursing field but of medicine in general (White, 2001). Aside from creating non-legal binding rules and regulations such as standard operating procedures to be followed while giving services to clients or patients, nurses are also made to abide by legal binding contracts that would penalize them should they break any rules of conduct as specified. Such contracts or laws are made in order to prevent the nurses from committing crimes such as avoiding their responsibilities and duties to patients, or in the other extreme end, of overstepping their boundaries in the name of attending to their responsibilities as providers of patient care (White, 2001). Thus, in order to maintain order and at the same time enforce the adherence to specified rules and regulations in nursing, several laws were enacted to maintain an orderly conduct among membe rs of the nursing field, as well as to allow them to become penalized as necessary in the event that they were found guilty of committing crimes in relation to their line of work based on existing and applicable criminal laws. In the case study concerning the death of34-year-old Jorge Fernandez, the legal aspects of nursing are integral to provide a strong case against the medical personnel involved. In this case, Jorge Fernandez’s wife is the plaintiff since she is the one that was able to do so, as her husband had died due to the negligence of both the ER doctor and the nurse in duty. The ER doctor and the nurse assigned to Mr. Fernandez are the defendants, as the plaintiff sees that their negligence of the patient caused his death. Since negligence is considered to be an unintentional tort, it is punishable under the civil tort law and will be tried through civil litigation in a civil court (White, 2001). The two defendants could possible face charges of medical negligence.

Tuesday, July 23, 2019

My Choice Is Illinois State University Personal Statement

My Choice Is Illinois State University - Personal Statement Example In fact, the idea of getting out of school has crossed my mind. Unfortunately, not much had changed when I started college because of struggling with a degree in psychology. Honestly, I was not genuinely passionate about that endeavor and at the same time, I lacked the necessary skills in effective learning. Concurrently, despite the challenges, one’s love for my family and recognition for a desire to pursue a career in nursing prompted me to move on.  After reflecting on all of my mistakes, I realized that these experiences were instrumental in making me a strong, independent and passionate woman that I am today. Being a full-time mom, worker, and the student is hard and only after I quit my full-time job to fully devote one’s time for my family and my schooling, was I able to capitalize on my full potentials. There is this innate desire for a healthcare profession and realized that I enjoy assisting people in need. By providing patient care, there is a rewarding fee ling for being able to give my time for a good cause while gaining some knowledge about nursing care. I even volunteered at the hospital down the street from home once a week for a few hours to fulfill my desire for serving and learning. I began to study like I have never before, got a tutor in the spring semester of this year, and was able to learn some very valuable skills in studying. I plan not to let anything hinder me in receiving my nursing degree and I am a testimony to other students who are struggling in school, that with the right tools one can overcome weaknesses and succeed in the plans earmarked in life. My academic strengths are studying, time management, being focused, and learning the necessary skills required to support one’s field of endeavor. My GPA is only 3.15 but my nursing prerequisite GPA is 3.66.

Monday, July 22, 2019

French Existentialism Philosophers Essay Example for Free

French Existentialism Philosophers Essay Part A: Gabriel Marcel’s Philosophy on Problem and Mystery Part B: Simone De Beauvoirs Philosophy on why there is a moral obligation to overcome oppression (our own and that of others) and why is an existentialist ethics an ethics of freedom Part A: Gabriel Marcel is known to be one of the more religious philosophers who was a French Existentialist. He was a committed Catholic Philosopher and he believed that by being connected to others he will be connected to god. He believed that philosophy should be about hope and wanted to portray the more positive aspects of human characteristics through his writings and thoughts. Marcel has a belief that problems and mysteries were two separate ideas where problems exist outside and apart from ourselves and mysteries were unsolved queries that were more internal to one’s self. For example determining what a body is, is a problem and determining what my body is, is a mystery. He believes that we can use primary and secondary reflections in order to seek a solution to the problem or mystery being faced with. Primary reflections use analytical skills to separate the thinker from the problematic object in order to find a resolution. Separating the thinker from the problem is important in order to effectively reflect and create intellectual and moral means to a solution. Primary reflections use means of abstracting data and using it in order to manipulate the world and deal with the problem that is not always black and white or a right or wrong answer. Primary reflection approaches problems from an objective standpoint where the thinker is separate from the problem while the secondary reflection begins with the experience of existence within the problem and is used with reflection of a mystery. The secondary reflection is open to contemplation by looking at it as a unique presence. The existence within the world is not a problem that needs to be solved because humans and their bodies are intrinsically related to the world and they are in relation to each other, not objects or problems that can be manipulated. Marcel believed that Philosophy is a part of reflecting on a mystery and the mystery requires participation of the person reflecting because it is an experience of presence itself. A mystery involves you as an intrinsical part of the question wh ich is a question of yourself and requires a solution by secondary reflection. A question becomes a mystery when it takes itself into the subject. Marcel believes that humans are increasingly becoming defined by their problems which cause alienation of themselves from themselves and also causing separation from others. The questions of â€Å"being† and humans are mysteries within the Marcel philosophies. When something is recognized as â€Å"not being† it cannot be a mystery. As humans we have a need for â€Å"being† with â€Å"ontological exigence† which consumes â€Å"being† upsurges of joy, happiness, hopefulness, expectations and desires. â€Å"Being† as a human means existing and experiencing the world and the subjects within it. Having something means exercising power over that thing by possession and rights to those possessions. By having rights over a possession can also enables that person to have the ability of disposal of that subject as well. Having something is different from experiencing that thing, for example having a body is different form experiencing your body because you cannot rid yourself of your body without ceasing to be. Life is not identical to a person’s â€Å"being† because â€Å"being† is the whole self which is more than life and it is what a person aspires to be. Humans can only evoke the fullness of â€Å"being† by engaging with others and coming together as a community. Marcel promotes the idea of living I-Thou which opens up and enhances a person’s â€Å"being† which God being the ultimate Thou. The I-Thou idea requires a person to be open to the â€Å"being† of others within their lives and not living only for themselves. Marcel has an interesting stance on the subject of love and how it should be defined. He believes that love has to do with inner subjectivity and it is about seeking and experiencing the â€Å"being† of the other. Love is not about possession or having another person which is commonly thought to be the main definition of what love means. Marcel believes that a self does not love, but it is the self that is constituted by love. When we attach predicates to a thou we limit our love for another and it’s trust and faith which constitutes love in the â€Å"being† of the other. I always thought that love had to do with possessing and labeling a person or subject as yours. However, Marcel’s philosophy on love has changed my point of view into believing that love is about fully accepting a person as who they are instead of trying to possess them and changing them into being an object of your desire and control. Part B: In Simone Beauvoir’s writing of The Ethics of Ambiguity she begins to elaborate on ethics and the importance of a moral obligation to overcome oppression. Moral acts and willing one’s self free is an obligation of a person in order to become a moral person. With moral freedom a person is not free unless they can deal with free individuals. We all should strive for our freedom as well as the freedom of others and the freedom of all. The freedom to choose is shaped by social and political freedom of people. Beauvoir believes that in order to free all we must take a stand for justice especially in the political sense. We ought to respect freedom when it serves freedom, but not when freedom distances itself from itself. For example when freedom is used in the oppression and the abuse of others, we ought not to respect it in cases such as a dictatorship oppressing the freedom of its people. Oppressing an oppressor is justified even when it requires violence and in cases of people rising up and rebelling the person or the system that has been oppressing them it is justifiable. In such cases casualties of war with sacrifices is justified when fighting for freedom because it makes it a just war. Simone Beauvoir states â€Å"the truth is that if division and violence define war, the world has always been at war and will always be; if man is waiting for universal peace in order to establish his existence validly, he will wait indefinitely: there will never be any other future.† (Beauvoir ) With this she means that if the only reasons for war are for violence to annihilate the other opponent because of division then war will never end and people will never reach complete liberation. However, oppressing and oppressor should never be driven by blind faith. The actions must be considered fully well and deliberate over choice. Each circumstance should be considered on a case by case basis and analyzed by practical problems. Ethics emphasize physical and social interaction in relation to other human beings because of freedom. Authentic morality involves engagement with the world that is not abstract intellectualism. People who sit by and talk about the problems and the circumstances that accustom the world are not engaging with the world directly. Beauvoir stresses that in order to achieve authentic morality people must do something to engage with the world not intellectualize the problems within it. Humans have a moral commitment to liberate the oppressed individuals because it causes limited liberation of their own freedom. Oppressed individuals may not even know that they are being oppressed and this why it is important for others to enlighten them and help them become liberated from their situation. With an oppressed individual, their own judgment that they are oppressed is what counts and this is why it’s an obligation of others who recognize the oppression to give them knowledge of their situation. Oppressed people are cut off from the future without the power of liberation to decide what is next for them in their lives. With liberation a person must be able to question values and oppressed individuals are not able to do this. Being oppressed does not gain moral character because character is not built by suffering. A person cannot say that they are a strong person because they have been accepting oppression and the suffering that comes with it. A person is strong when they take a stand for their liberation and fight for their own values as well as the liberation of others. However, power is limited within liberation, Beauvoir enforces this by stating that â€Å"to be free is not to have the power to do anything you like; it is to be able to surpass the given toward an open future; the existence of others as a freedom defines my situation and is even the condition of my own freedom.† (Beauvoir ) Power is a foundation of moral freedom and in order to engage the world a person must have power, but it is a limited power. Not only individuals of the world, but state also has an obligation to ensure that it’s people have a minimum level of well-being because this is necessary to freely act within the world. External help is needed in order to alleviate oppression and once an oppressed individual is placed within the presence of freedom they must pursue freedom for themselves and one cannot force freedom upon them or it would not be recognized as freedom at all. Works cited Beauvoir, S. D. The Works of Simone de Beauvoir. Zuubooks.com, 2010. Print. Marcel, Gabriel. A Gabriel Marcel Reader. 1st edition. St. Augustines Press, 2011. Print.

Sunday, July 21, 2019

Functions of Urban Space in Architecture

Functions of Urban Space in Architecture How does the Architecture of urban space stimulate appropriation and manipulation of its fabric, symbols and language by its inhabitants, in unfamiliar, and ways otherwise overlooked? To what extent does the modern city support and suppress activities deemed to elapse the prescribed use of a space? Are these opportunities for engagement limitless? Does the modern city stimulate the cultural and physiological identity of its inhabitants? Walk through urban space and you will undoubtedly see and experience what Borden refers to as the left-over spaces of modernist urban planning. (Borden, 2001, p.33) The spaces of decision-making, often characterised by excpansivity of space and signals. They are the spaces of the zero degree. (Borden, 2001, P.33) These spaces contain a predetermined use, need and time, and contain within them objects with predetermined functions. While these zero degree spaces quietly serve their purpose, it is suggested they are being appropriated beyond their expected use, and are venerated with new meaning in the process contrasting Lefebvres statement where he maintains a lack of qualitative differences in the Architecture of the modern city and the experience of it is being reduced to banal monotony. (Borden, 2001). The disciplines chosen are Skateboarding, Parkour and Guerilla Gardening. They have been chosen because they each contain within them the capacity to appropriate and re-programme spaces of prescribed function and use within the urban fabric of the modern city. They also all contain within them a distinguishing feature, for example the Skateboarder reappropriates space with the aid of a tool (the skateboard) that is absorbed into the body (Borden, 2001, p.1). Similarly, Parkour a discipline reliant on an individuals athletic ability and mental effort reappropriates space in much the same manner, however, the tool in this example is replaced by the motile body. Through a traceurs (generally accepted term for a Parkour practitioner) efforts they seek opportunities to remap their environment (Angel, 2014, p.179) and in doing so form new physical, spatial and psychological connections to it. (Angel, 2014, p.179) Finally, Guerilla Gardening is a discipline practiced by virtue of conviction. The movement is an attack on the scarcity of land within urban space, a battle for resources and ultimately a fight for freedom of expression and for community cohesion. (Reynolds, 2009, p.5) Thus, the aims of the text are threefold. It will introduce, and thereafter explore the formal and material principles of the modern city to see how opportunities for engagement are presented. Secondly, Skateboarding, Parkour and Guerrilla Gardening are introduced. A brief historical introduction set within the context of the modern city reveals the profound relationship between space and use. Thereafter exploring the spatial-political conflicts entrenched within their practice. Finally, imagining these marginal users of space as performers and the transgressive, often illicit activities as urban performances, the text will explore how these modes of engagement can critique the modern city. Using Borden and Lefebvres theories and Tschumis ideology the text will argue the importance of such critiquing in informing the design and production of future cities. 1.2 Theory. Its Tschumis perspective of Architecture, and of the experience of Architecture, and how he locates transgression as a concept within Architecture (Architectural Design, 2013, p.15) that forms the genesis of this investigative text. The concept of transgression will play an important part for it will attempt to argue its importance in the context of the modern city not conceptually and literally to Architecture and urban space as built form that negates its self but rather a sociologically implied importance. Transgression formed of a series of transgressive acts that are performed within the modern city that consequently, highlight distinct ways contemporary counter-cultures are identifying with the built environment. In pursuit of attaining a qualitative insight into the application of Skateboarding, Parkour and Guerrilla Gardening in the modern city the text will interpret the theoretical writings of Professor Iain Borden. An architectural historian and urban commentator. He is, at the time of writing, Professor of Architecture and Urban Culture at the Bartlett School of Architecture, UCL. His book Skateboarding, Space and the City; Architecture and the Body has proved invaluable in the production of this text. His theories on Zero degree Architecture, Rhythmanalysis and super architectural space adopted from Henry Lefebvre, and adapted for understanding the urban practice of Skateboarding within the discourse of Architecture and urban space are highly transferrable and form a theoretical framework to be used in understanding the socio-spatial   impacts of non-normative, ludic activities being performed in the modern city. 1.3 Structure. Section 1 introduces the main topics, the objective of the study, and informs the reader of the theoretical frameworks underpinning the text. Section 2 formally introduces the three transgressive urban disciplines, their origins and historically roots them within the context of the modern City. The skateboard is introduced as a form of body-tool based engagement, Parkour; a body based engagement and finally Guerilla Gardening; a body-belief based engagement occurring with the urban realm. Section 3 provides the reader with a brief historical development of the modern City, providing a brief exploration of the spatial and material qualities of 20th century Architecture, with particular emphasis on materiality, modernist urban planning principles, and the various architectural artefacts and quotidian objects that form the fabric of the modern city. The section ultimately explores the concept of the city as a collection of macro-micro spaces of opportunity. Section 4 delves into Skateboarding, Parkour and Guerrilla Gardenings political impacts on the modern City and its inhabitants. It explores the legislative measures, and design based tactics employed by authority to disrupt and halt activity. Thereafter, the text will explore conflict and ways in which it may be mediated/mitigated through design. Section 5 explores explicitly the dialogue between Skateboarding, Parkour, Guerrilla Gardening and urban space, with the aim of revealing each disciplines unique spatial qualities, as well as the social, and spatial phenomena that occurs by consequence of their practice. The section will focus on exploring the way in which these modes of engagement can critique urban space, urban fabric, the wider city, its Architecture and inhabitants in new and unfamiliar ways. Before we depart Modern Architecture is a large subject that has been widely discussed and forms a large portion of contemporary architectural discourse. While it is, relatively easy, to obtain a comprehensive account of the Architecture that has pervaded the 20th century, it is, however, surprisingly more arduous to obtain an account of the public spaces that have emerged by consequence of its practice. It is more difficult still to find critical analysis of urban space engagement that negates normative functions. (Preston, 1985) It is far beyond the scope of this text to deliver the former; however, the text will endeavor to explore the phenomenon of human-urban interaction through the guise of a number of marginal urban cultural practices as they are enacted within the spaces between buildings. 2.1 Skateboarding The street skateboard is many things, and serves various functions. For some, it is a form of transportation. For others, a tool that used to engage with the urban fabric of the modern city. For some it is both, and more, it is a way of life. While it is impossible to pinpoint the exact date the Skateboard was invented, Borden suggests it originated in 1930-1950s California. Quite different from the modern skateboard of today, they were makeshift contraptions that looked more like scooters. They were constructed by children using roller skates, apple crates and wooden planks and were used to traverse the suburbia sidewalks. (Borden, 2001, p.13) Evenutually these homemade contraptions would evolve, loosing elements like the metal wheels which gave an uncomfortable and bumpy ride. They were eventually replaced with wheels made of composite materials such as plastic, clay and paper which gave the riders better traction and manouverability. (Borden, 2001, p.14-15) The skateboard did not only evolve in its technological and material capacity, but also in the way it was utilised by the user. Most notable was the introduction of a manouvre called the Ollie which can be seen in figure 01. The ollie involves a series of explosive, perfectly timed manouvres produced with the intent of launching a Skateboarder in to the air, with the skateboard the skateboard seemingly fixed to a skateboarders feet. (Borden, 2001, p.91) The feat which involves a delicate relation between body, board, terrain and gravitational force (Borden, 2001, p.91) would eventually develop into a cornerstone of modern skateboarding (Borden, 2001, p.91). The popularity of Skateboarding has waxed and waned over the years. Arguably, its most important resurgence was in the 1980s when a paradigm shift in the global skateboarding community occurred. Skateboarders, once content surfing the sidewalk, carving the empty pools of California suburbia and navigating the constructed space of the Skatepark were instead being drawn to the oppertunities of the modern city. (Borden, 2001, p.23) 2.2 Parkour According to the Oxford English Dictionary Parkour may be defined as a discipline or activity of moving rapidly and freely over or around the obstacles presented by an (esp. urban) environment by running, jumping, climbing, etc (Oxford English Dictionary , 2016) Figure 2 shows a traceur leaping from one building to another. Parkour is not merely about jumping over walls, despite some common misconceptions, it is an imaginative reworking of the existing spatial configurations as well as a reworking of the corporeal and a questioning of the self. (Angel, 2014, p.178) Much like modern street skateboarding, it may be argued Parkour is also synonymous with the the urban environment. Julie Angel, quoting Mathew Lamb goes as far as stating parkour is the dialectical relationship between the built form and the body (Angel, 2014, p.178) Parkour is a comparatively new form of engagement with the urban and originated as a form of military training, first developed by French naval leutenant George Herbert. His anthropologial observations of the indigenous peoples of Africa and beyond specifically their physical development and movement skills (Anon., n.d.) culminated in the formualtion of a physical training discipline refered to by Herbert as the Natural Method. (Anon., n.d.) More recently two individuals David Belle and Sebastien Foucan developed their own versions of Herberts original physical discipline, they formed a group of practicioners which called themselves the Yamikazi. They would later develop a strong following in their home country of France and with the help of acclaimed film director Luc Besson, the introduction of Youtube and other pioneers of the mid noughties, Parkour would eventually cement its-self within contemporary culture and develop further into a globally recognised and occuring phenomenon. (Anon., n.d.) 3.3 Guerrilla Gardening Guerilla gardening can best be described as the illicit cultivation of someone elses land (Reynolds, 2009, p.05). The activity can be broken down into two leading constituents guirella gardening for aethetics, and for hunger. The flora in an aethsetic context is regarded as the the guirella gardeners pallete, which is utilised in various ways to add personality and to articulate artistic expression in neglected urban space. Figure 03. Others garden out of necessity in what Reynolds calls people fighting for the right to have dinner on their plate (Reynolds, 2009, p.14) According to Reynolds no guerilla gardening manifesto exists, the activity is thought of as being a highly individual undertaking, with every gardener prescribing their own ethics, motivations and goals within their practice. (Reynolds, 2009, p.15) This however, isnt explicily the case with some practicioners arranging spectacular horticultural campaigns by organised and politically charged cells (Reynolds, 2009, p.5) As to the origins of guerilla gardening, one can assume due to the nature of the subject, that is -   cultivating land not belonging to oneself that guerilla gardening has been occurring since at the very least, the Neolithic age, some 14,000 years ago. (Reynolds, 2009, p.65) More recently there are well documented cases of the activity occuring within modern western cities such as New York, Paris and London. 3.3 Activating the modern city through activity Why then, does our three transgressive, at times illicit activities form a viable and interesting topic within Architectural discourse? For skateboarding, Borden suggests skateboarders have the ability to reject the Architecture and spaces of the city as a coherent urban entity (Borden, 2001, p.214)and instead view the saces of the modern city fabric as an orchestration of floating, detcahed, physical items isolated from each other.(Borden, 2001, p.214) This is essentially the skateboarder reproducing Architecture and the city in their own image, and in doing so participate in an exercise of re-mapping the city, and forming a tactile languge made of objects, textures and surfaces that may be recalled at will when required. (Borden, 2001, p.14) Ultimately the relationship between skateboarding and the modern city is highlighting how a space with a prescribed use is in reality inscribed with a multitude of uses.(Borden, 2001, p.247) Julie Angel speaking of Parkour, argues that traucers temporarily socially re-energises areas previously not used (Angel, 2014, p.191) suggesting, New encounters both socially and architecturally (Angel, 2014, p.191) for the inhabitants of the modern city. Parkour thus forms an example of the modern cities inhabitants ascribing new significance, and meaning, to the zero degree spaces/quotidian functional objects of the modern city. (Angel, 2014, p.179) For gurella gardening Olly Zanetti claims gardening is at once a passive activity yet, in certain contexts, affords the ability to radically appropriate space (Zanetti , 2007, p.17) The above statements suggest the three transgressive activities exhibit a range of phenomena, however, they also share common themes. For example, they are all performed kinetically throught movement and action informing the dialectical relationship between Architecture, space and the body. (Angel, 2014, p.178) Further, all three fit the definition of play, defined by the Oxford english dictionary as Exercise, brisk or free movement or action.(Oxford English Dictionary , 2016) Rawilnson and Guaralda suggest play is critical (Rawlinson Guaralda, 2011, p.1) to the wellbeing of the inhabitants of the modern city. Play also forms new meanings and memories for normative elements through an unconventional, and extraordinary level of interaction. (Rawlinson Guaralda, 2011) The above statements suggest the activities negate the prescribed use of space and are consequently venerated with new uses, meanings and memories in the process. May this suggests new spatial possibilities, opportunities, and futures for the inhabitants of the modern city? 3.1 Origins According To Christian Norburg-Schulz author of the book Principles of Modern Architecture Modern Architecture and thus the modern city which encapsulates it came into existence to help human beings feel more at home in the new world that had emerged with the arrival of the industrial revolution. This new world was the by-product of major advancements in personal mobility, the new political and economic paradigms associated with the new world structure and the arrival of what we would call today the media. While the arrival of new technologies were a key precursor in the manifestation of the modern city, another constituent was the general rejection of custom and tradition by leading 20th century architects.   (Norberg-Schulz, 2000) This can be seen in advertisements and literature, such as this Deutscher Werkbund (DWB) exhibition poster (Figure 4) promoting their Form die ohne ornament (Form without ornament) exhibition in 1924. This new architectural doctrine promoted Architecture that embodied openness and transparency, with conceptions of space that extend in all directions and instill with in it a sense of infinity. (Norberg-Schulz, 2000). 3.2 MAteriality As various architects, theorists, and historians have pointed out, no material has been more closely associated with the origins and development of modern architecture (Cohen Moeller , 2006) Cohen and Moeller are referring to concrete. It has been largely agreed that concrete has been synonymous with the modern architectural movement. In terms of the development of our chosen transgressive activities in the modern city, the tactile material quality inherent of the modern city be it the steel bollards obstructing vehicular access to a side street, or the granite benches of a piazza, or the in-situ re-in forced concrete floors and stairs of a regional building. Even the sculptural forms and surfaces orchestrating an Architectures external form and the pockets of green space that adorn it they have all been exploited to great effect. Also being utilized is the spatial organization of the modern city. With the process of urbanization comes its by-product the movement and re-distribution of people from rural to urban. This equates to a greater density of people with in urban space and Architecture/public space must accommodate this increased density. This is manifested through a principle of modernist/post-modernist design where-by notable spaces and architecture are linked by spaces designed for the movement/flow of large volumes of people. Interestingly these spaces which represent the liminal exteriors of society (Angel, 2014, p.178) are, according to Angel popular with traucers, the transitional spaces which direct and steer the human subject (Angel, 2014, p.178) using the available quotidian objects such as Ramps, barriers and staircases (Angel, 2014, p.178) are visual markers which influence and authorise their actions. Such fragmentation of space is what bored Borden refers to as the object-space-object-space rhythm born from a fragmentation of objects within a homogenous space (Borden, 2001, p.195). He maintains the spaces of the modern city that have evolved therein and importantly their potential for reappropriation can only have occurred in the concrete city with its smooth surfaces and running spaces excaliming medievel, reinessance or early industrical cities are crap to skate. (Borden, 2001, p195) Borden is refereing to skateboarding in this instance, however, one can easily understand how his theory may be applied to parkour and even guirella gardening, for parkour is explosive, physical and requires the fragmentation of space, and guirella gardening gravitates to the neglected green spaces which adorn the zero-degree spaces of the modern city. In respect of the above we can begin to view the modern city as the substrate from which a variety of different modes of self expression and identification with the urban environment may transpire. This begs the question; how is the modern city liberated of its ludic duty that is, the authoritative and cultural duty imposed upon it and how is it reborn as the space of total opportunity? For the answer we must understand how the practitioners of each identify with and seek opportunity from space. For skateboarders, Borden believes, the modern city is presented as a pre-existent object, thats liable to negation, specifically, throught expoliting its texcture. Texture in this context gives the skateboarder a different undersatanding of the modern city, an understanding informed from an expereince of surface and the tactility of materials. (Borden, 2001, p.194) Engaging with the city on the level of textual terrain presents the Skateboarder with a myriad of physical sensations, inscribed with in the textual qualities of space that move up through the skateboard and is felt by the skateboarder, as well as heard. The same can be said for the practice of Parkour, with the traucers intimate knowledge of the material and textual qualites of their immediate environemnt informing their movements and actions. For example, a sandstone ledge is a far safer landing pad in the wet than a polished granite one. This is arguably just one of countless material and textual judgements a traucer will make during a session. (Angel, 2014, p.181) Gurella gardening is a different beast all together. While parkour and skateboarding both rely on and engage heavily with the textual fabric of the city, guirella gardening is more selective of its environemnt, for ovbious reasons. Taking into account the particular activities that are happening within the modern city it may be argued the modern citys image is revitalised and reborn through transgression. (Tschumi, 1996) There is no social or political change without the movements and programmes that transgress supposedly stable institutionality architectural or otherwise; that there is no architecture without everyday life, movement, and action; and that it is the most dynamic aspects of their disjunctions that suggest a new definition of architecture (Tschumi, 1996) Tschumi initially implies that boundaries set by institutional orders, laws and codes must be transgressed if a new definition of Architecture and its associated meanings are to be developed. Thereafter he argues the importance of movement the activation of bodies in space to define Architecture. However, how does movement, action and their disjunctions define Architecture, and why are they important, and who are they important to? The collective? The individual? The City? Architects and planners? It is beyond the scope of the text to fully answer such questions, however, a critical analysis of the spatial phenomena and politics concerning skateboarding, parkour and guerilla Gardening is conducted which forms a basis for further research. 4.1 Publicly private. Various literature sources indicate a complex socio-political relationship between the chosen transgressive activities and the spaces occupying the modern city. Simpson suggests the street is a palimpsest of laws, orders, codes (Simpson , 2011, p.417) that contain within them thepotential for modification. (Simpson , 2011, p.417) One can understand the complications practitioners face during their day-to-day interactions with the modern city. This is largely due to what Simpson describes as the domestication of urban public space from the incivilities or certain inhabitants through the regulation of difference (Simpson , 2011, p.418) ultimately this domestication occurs to exclude nonconsumers or those who are deemed to detract from the experience of that space (Simpson , 2011, p.418) Rawlinson and Guaralda suggest activities of integrated play (Rawlinson Guaralda, 2011, p.20)must contend with and thus be subordiante to -   the authoritative powers in force, such as the government and the private institutions/bodies that own and maintain large percentages of cities. This suggests privately owned public spaces are dictated by a form of spatial politics which prioritises consumers over citisens. (Rawlinson Guaralda, 2011, p.20) This eventually leads to legislitave powers being drawn up, for example, legislature such as provisions in à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬-riot acts, the use of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬-summary offences and restrictions on freedom of association and assembly in a public place (Rawlinson Guaralda, 2011, p.20) which aids in the restriction of activities which are deemend extraordinary or contradicttory to a spaces prescribed use. Julie Angel believes this level of legislation against Parkour, for example, is due to the nature of the activity, she suggests Private corporations fear the risk of liability to their organsiation (Angel, 2014, p.188) which is understandable. The same can be said for skateboarding, both activities involve mass bodies, objects and both, utilised in unison operating at high velocities, and in close proximity to other users of the same urban space. Skateboarding and Parkour are similar in their spatial politics, but what of Guirella Gardening? In London the activity has no legal protection (Zanetti , 2007, p.43) and further, Zanetti suggests the activity can theoreticallly be construed as trespass theft or criminal damage. (Zanetti , 2007, p.43), suggesting Reynolds ethic fits the definition of guerilla gardening exceptionally well: some people have a different definition of gardening. I am one of them. I do not wait for permission to become a gardener but dig wherever I see horticultural potential. I do not just text existing gardens but create them from neglected space. (Reynolds, 2009, p.4) 4.2 Designed suppression Angel quoting Michel Foucault suggests the Architecture and planning occurring within the modern city is underscored by a form of spatial tactics (Angel, 2014, p.184)as well as political technology.(Angel, 2014, p.184) Adding, methods used for the organization of bodies in space is conceived through enclosure, partitioning and of creating functional sites.(Angel, 2014, p.184) What are these spatial tactics and what other tactics are employed to restrict one form of use over another? Figure 5 illustrates a plan of the City Hall complex in London, containing the City Hall building designed by Foster Partners. Adjacent to the building is The Scoop, an 800 seat external amphitheater designed by Townshend Landscape Architects. The Scoop forms an interesting case study as it exemplifies the power struggle relations between space and non-prescribed use and reveals typical modes of designed suppression. The polished steel knurls that adorn the external granite forms, as shown in Figure 6 are located to restrict the frictional, horizontal movement of metal objects, such as skateboard axles (trucks). Figure 7 exemplifies the signage utilised by authority to forbid and criminalise non-normative activity. Interestingly, rollerblading as well as cycling a generally accepted form of inner-city transportation is legislated against in this instance. Thus presented are two examples demonstrating how architectural defense tactics have been employed demonstrating how owners, developers and governance contribute to the maintenance of power of one group over another (Angel, 2014, p.184) The political and design based tactics restricting urban activities like skateboarding, rollerblading and BMXing are not applicable with guerilla gardening. No examples of design-based tactics targeting gardeners explicitly have been found within academic literature. 4.3 Mediating conflict A review of current literature reveals interesting ways in which the three transgressive activities mediate conflict within the modern city. Whilst Borden suggests Skateboarding is antagonistic towards the urban environment (Borden, 2001, p.247) he presupposes skateboarders take advantage of the bounded temporality (Borden, 2001, 198) of certain spaces. He suggests skateboarders can mediate conflict with authority/building owners by choosing to use space at times when the adjacent buildings are not in use, such as at night or on weekends. Thus, skateboarders substitute one temporal rhythm for another (Borden, 2001, p.198) and in doing so animate the Architecture and spaces of the modern city at times when they would otherwise go unnoticed (Borden, 2001, p.198) Skateboarders and traucers inevitably mark and scuff the surfaces they use to perform on, marks left by the skateboarders utherene wheels on the ground, damaged ledges from an accumulation of contact (Figure 8) and trainer marks are but a few examples worth noting. Whilst its understood skateboarders avoid conflict through clever use of temporal rythms, theres no evidence within literature to suggest they take responsibility for the damage they inflict, as such one can assume theyre indifferent. The same cannot be said for Parkour, however, with Angle suggesting traucers go to great lengths to make their relationship with the environemnt a positive one (Angel, 2014,p, 182) The residual build up of material that can make space look untidy has been brought into question (Angel, 2014, p.182) within the parkour community. This has resulted in the Leave no trace initiative(Angel, 2014, p.183) (Figure 9) with traucers essentially chosing to paint over the marks their shoes leave behind, furthemore, traucers remove debris and litter before and after they practice, while they do this for their own safety Angel suggests Parkour potentially improves spaces.(Angel, 2014, p.182) As previously mentioned guerilla gardening differs considerably to the two former transgressive activities in its theory and practice. Its important to note that while the two former occur in plain view most of the time, its assumed guirella gardening does not. Guirella gardenings mediation of conflict is unequivocally linked to the activity, because o

Marketing Strategy For Hotel Brand Radisson

Marketing Strategy For Hotel Brand Radisson Tourism is defined by Burkart Medlik as: the phenomenon arising from temporary visits(or stay away from home)outside the normal place of residence for any reason other than furthering an occupation remunerated from the place visited Lickorish and Jenkins credit the sustained grouth of tourism to the grouth in disposable income and paid holiday;it is now the one of the fastest growing industries in the world.the world Tourism Industry expects international tourist arrivals worldwide to rise from 456m in 1990 to 660m in 2000 and 937m in 2010.(World Tourism Organization(WTO)1986). 1.1 Company Overview Radisson is one of the worlds leading global hotel brands. It delivers vibrant, contemporary and engaging hospitality that is characterized by its unique Yes I Can!SMservice philosophy. First-class, full-service hotels with a range of World of Radisson features that have been created specifically to be empathetic to the challenges of modern travel, including its 100% Guest Satisfaction Guarantee. Worldwide Portfolio Radisson has a strong worldwide portfolio and continues to grow with a focus on adding key hotels in major cities, airport gateways, leisure destinations and other important locations. Radisson currently has over 430 hotels operating throughout the world with 103 contracted properties under development. Radisson is expanding as a powerful, globally consistent, full-service hotel brand, offering vibrant, contemporary and engaging hospitality that is defined by its distinctive Yes I Can! service philosophy. All of our hotels and resorts offer a range of World of Radisson features that are empathetic to the challenges of modern travel. Expanding global presence Radisson continues to expand its presence in key destinations in The Americas, Asia Pacific and Europe, the Middle East and Africa, reaching new markets and customers in major urban and suburban locations, as well as near airports and business districts around the world. Yes I Can! training program delivers As part of its focus on guest satisfaction, Radisson offers one of the hospitality industrys most dynamic guest service training programs calledYes I Can! This program translates the core of the companys service philosophy for hospitality excellence to the front-line service employees in Radisson operations worldwide. Celebrating its 20 year milestone in 2007,Yes I Can!has become a central part of the Radisson culture, creating a point of difference for the brand. Our goal at Radisson is 100% Guest Satisfaction. If you are not satisfied with something, please let one of our staff know during your stay and well make it right or you wont pay. Its Guaranteed. 2.0 Concept of Marketing Carlson Sets New Marketing Strategy for its Radisson Brand: New Guest Room Concepts, New Restaurant Concepts and New Service Concepts ORLANDO, Fla. (March 3, 2010) As part of its Ambition 2015 plan, Carlson today unveiled a comprehensive strategy for its Radisson brand. As one of the worlds leading brands, Radisson is being positioned to deliver vibrant, contemporary and engaging hospitality characterized by the Yes I Can! service philosophy. The positioning is being supported by a series of innovations including new room concepts, new restaurant concepts and a series of new service concepts focused on the guest experience. The strategy for Radisson will entail an investment program of up to USD 1.5 billion in North America, focused on establishing flagship hotels in key U.S. cities and on upgrading the existing portfolio. It aims to expand its portfolio by at least 50 percent by 2015 to more than 1,500 hotels in operation. We believe this is a great time to invest in the hotel business. With Ambition 2015, we have a comprehensive and compelling strategy to build the business, said Hubert Joly, president and chief executive officer, Carlson. Ambition 2015 will focus on four priority growth initiatives including: Expanding Radisson as a powerful, globally consistent first-class brand. Accelerating the growth of Country Inns Suites By Carlson in four key markets: United States, Canada, India and Mexico. Growing Park Inn as a winning mid-scale brand across theaters in key countries. Continuing to grow in key emerging markets, with greater emphasis on mid-scale. The strategy entails continuing the growth in key emerging economies such as Brazil, Russia, India and China, where it has gained significant strength. For example, Carlson is the largest and fastest growing international hotel company in India with 79 hotels in operation or contracted at the end of 2009. These strategies will be supported by investments in marketing, sales, distribution and technology. As part of its Ambition 2015 strategy, Carlson Hotels expects to increase the contribution from brand websites to 30 percent of revenue and to double the number of members in its goldpointsplusSM loyalty program. With 422 hotels in operation and 90 in the contracted pipeline, Radisson is one of the most well-known and fastest-growing brands in the world, delivering market leading guest satisfaction and achieving superior RevPar penetration internationally, said Hubert Joly, president and CEO of Carlson. We have crystallized the success formula for the brand, improved it and are using it as the foundation for its future development. As part of this strategy, Carlson announced the global roll out of five new room concepts And Relax, Naturally Cool, New York Mansion, Ocean and Urban. All of the concepts share a vibrant and contemporary design, the use of bold colors and lighting, and a comfortable feeling. The global strategy also includes two new restaurant concepts. Filini will offer an upscale, sophisticated Italian cuisine, while rbg is a bar-and-grill concept in an inviting, contemporary setting. The strategy also introduces a range of service concepts covering the key touch points of the guest experience including, for example, Business Class and three-hour laundry. Business Class will offer customers the best available room, breakfast, turn-down service, upgraded bathroom amenities, a daily newspaper and other amenities depending on the market. As part of this strategy, the Radisson brand will be tiered across the upper upscale and upscale segments. Radisson Blu will be applied to the upper upscale segment and Radisson Green will be applied to the upscale segment. Both will share the same brand essence vibrant, contemporary and engaging the same style and many of the service concepts. The differentiation will primarily be location based key location in a primary city versus a secondary market. It will typically be reflected in the level of investment that goes into the property. The strategy will include the implementation of the brands new global standard operating procedures, a new quality assurance program and intensive training programs. The strategy will be supported by investments in marketing, sales and distribution as part of the overall Carlson Ambition 2015 plan. 2.1 Marketing Strategy of Radisson Under the leadership of its former president, Radissons strategy focused on growth and the firm added hotels at the rate of about one hotel every seven days. By 1997, Radissons growth at any cost strategy left Radisson with a significant diversity in hotel quality and an unfocused brand image. Alignment with hotel owners (more than hotel guests) also seemed to cause Radissons customer service and hotel management expertise to atrophy. In 1997 and 1998, Mr. Brian Stage, Radissons President, and Ms. Maureen OHanlon, Radissons Executive Vice President, took several initiatives to drive the organization towards becoming a more customer-focused brand. In their words, they re-discovered that their primary customers should be the guests not the owners. Some of these initiatives included a service guarantee, a guest satisfaction measurement program, an employee satisfaction measurement program, and an information technology initiative. Stage and OHanlon were committed to creating the systems and programs that would bring Radisson into the 21-st century as a truly customer-driven learning organization. Their goal was to make Radisson the most trusted and respected brand worldwide. They were hopeful that these initiatives would make a significant contribution to helping Radisson achieve these goals. Service Quality Performance Metrics Radisson uses four service quality performance metrics based on room comment cards solicited from hotel guests: Willingness to return percent of customers who indicate that they are willing to return. Percent advocates percent of customers who indicate a willingness to recommend Radisson Hotels to others. Percent defectors percent of customers who indicate that they are unwilling to return. Percent complaints ratio of complaints to room nights. Information systems, under the leadership of Radissons Vice President of Knowledge Resources, Mr. Scott Heintzeman, produces a dashboard for each hotel that includes these and other more financial measures. The one-page dashboard is Radissons balanced scorecard for each hotel. These measures are often supplemented with ad hoc marketing research. This paper focuses on the service guarantee initiative, the four strategic service quality performance metrics that support the implementation and evaluation of that initiative, and a new measure called employee motivation and vision that was found to correlate highly with Radissons service quality performance metrics. RADISSONS SERVICE GUARANTEE The Service Guarantees Concept Hart2,3, Hill4, and others5,6 have argued persuasively that service guarantees can help many firms to position themselves in the market by clearly defining their value proposition to customers and employees. Service guarantees also stress front-line workers to deliver high-quality service the first time, encourage customers to voice their complaints to the firm, and motivate and enable workers to quickly discover and recover dissatisfied customers. Hays and Hill7 at the University of Minnesota developed a model (Figure 1) to show how service guarantees affect service quality and, ultimately, business performance. In this model, they argue that a strong service guarantee improves customer satisfaction, service quality, and customer loyalty through three intervening variables: Marketing Communications Impact, Employee Motivation and Vision, and Organizational Service Learning. These are defined in the following paragraphs. Figure 1. Service guarantees and business performance Marketing communications impact (MCI) Business performance (BP) Employee motivation and vision (EMV) Service guarantee strength (SGS) Customer satisfaction Service quality Customer loyalty (SQL) Organizational service learning (OSL) Marketing Communications Impact (MCI) A strong service guarantee will have both offensive and defensive marketing impact. Offensively, firms can use a service guarantee to proclaim the reliability of their high quality service and thus attract new customers. Defensively, a service guarantee not only enables companies to recover unsatisfied customers but also encourages dissatisfied customers to complain, thus allowing the firm to recover those customers. Employee Motivation and Vision (EMV) A strong service guarantee motivates employees to fulfil the guarantee and to satisfy customers. The guarantee clearly defines the employees job as satisfying customers not just taking reservations, checking out customers, or cleaning rooms. It can also inspire a new vision for service quality when employees are challenged to really satisfy customers true needs. Hill8 quotes one senior European executive who proclaimed that our service guarantee defines the mission for our firm. Organizational S ervice Learning (OSL) A strong service guarantee can help organizations discover dissatisfied customers and learn from them in order to improve service quality. Organizations with a strong service guarantee will tend learn how to satisfy customers faster than organizations without one. When marketing communications impact (MCI), employee motivation and vision (EMV), and organizational service learning (OSL) are improved, then service quality, customer satisfaction, and customer loyalty (SQL) should also improve. Business performance (BP) will improve as a result of improved SQL. 2.1.1 Guerrilla Marketing When using social media for marketing it is not about broadcasting its about engaging. The most successful campaign is the one that engages and activates the most people to become the brands ambassador. The Radisson Blu Hotel brand with hotels in over 200 locations world-wide has started such a campaign. It seems to have started mid-May but is reaching its tipping point these days and is spreading fast. Its actually a very simple competition. They are giving awaythe greatest holiday in the world, probably inspired by the best job in the word. And the greatest holiday on Earth is 365 free nights at any Radisson Blu hotel in the world that the winner can use over the next five years. All you have to do to participate is signing up and telling the world why you should win. Its then up to the users to get as many people as possible to vote for them but each person can vote once every day. The one with the most votes at the end of the competition on July 24th will be the winner of the 365 free nights at any Radisson Blu. Simple and effective. Last Sunday night about 1500 people had signed up and now, on Wednesday, there are about 3000 people competing. And those 3.000 people are now all actively promoting their spot in the competition and the hotel brand at the same time. Not bad! To encourage people further Radisson has enabled sharing options for twitter, face book and a number of other social networks and lists ideas on how people can promote themselves offline. One important thing is lacking though, which is a badge to put on a blog that automatically updates the ranking and encourages people to vote. 2.1.2 Viral Marketing Radisson Hotel is providing the Best Online Rate Guarantee for their customers. Radisson.com, their homepage is customers home base for the best savings. they deliver customers best online rates guaranteed.Customers can get the best online rate for their stay and they will get the best rate online they guarantee it. When customer books their reservation on Radisson.com, they can be confident they have gotten the best rate for their next visit. HowIt Works If you find a rate on another website that is lower than the bestrate on Radisson.com and the rate is for the same date(s), same room type, same number of guests, at the same hotel and same rate termsor restrictions- let them know andthey will honour the lower rate AND discount that rate by 25%. Qualifying Rates Radissons Best Online Rate Guarantee applies only to online rates available to the general public. Group rates, corporate rates, wholesale rates, affinity/association rates or rates which are part of a travel package do not qualify. Radisson Customer Service will verify the rate meets all of the Best Online Rate Guarantee terms and conditions. Once confirmed you will receive the lower rate and 25% discount. Radissonguarantees that Radisson.com will have the best online rate available to their guests. 3.0 Public Relation Method March 24th, 2008, Radisson Hotel, Effective Business Solutionsseminar On 24th of March, the Bulgarian Cash newspaper arranged the Effective business solutions seminar in Radisson Hotel. The event was focused on ERP and CRM systems in order to help managers of trading and production companies raise the efficiency of their business processes. The top IT leaders were invited to present their products and Neme schek Bulgaria was one of them. In their exposition, the specialists of Nemetschek Bulgaria emphasized on the simple adaptation of their system ( Customer Center) to the customers needs. Radisson Hotels Reviews Public Relation Prior To Launch Radisson Hotels is reviewing PR for its main hotels brand and is in the advanced stages of hiring an agency to launch a five-star hotel in Manchester. PR manager Jacquiline Willers said the company had seen pitches from four agencies and settled on a shortlist of two for the Manchester brief, with local agency Mason Williams and London-based Pineapple PR in contention. Willers refused to discuss fees for the two briefs, but said: We have budgets for the Manchester project and for a two-year contract to help the Radisson Edwardian brand. It may be that one gets the Manchester job and the other the wider brief. At the moment, were not looking at other agencies for the two-year contract, but that may change, she added. Radisson Edwardian has previously used Brighter PR for its PR work. The agency is not involved in the current pitch process. Willers said the brief for the Radisson Edwardian Hotel Manchester will involve activity to drive bookings and awareness ahead of its opening in June 2004. The company claims the Manchester hotel will be the first five-star hotel in the centre of the city. However, Manchesters Lowry Hotel which falls just outside the city centre in neighbouring Salford and accommodated the England football team last weekend for its friendly against Denmark currently dubs itself the citys only five-star hotel, sparking speculation of a feud between the two hotels. But, Rocco Forte Hotels UK marketing director, Murray Thompson, played down talk of a spat, saying the opening of the Radisson in the city would make life easier for the Lowry: Manchester is saturated with three- and four-star hotels and it will no longer be just us saying its worthwhile to pay for luxury, he said. Radisson SAS Hotel, Dubai Deira Creek, has appointed Stephanie AbouJaoude as its Public Relations and Communications Manager. The property is an established landmark on the Deira Creekside and was re-branded Radisson SAS this month. Lebanese-Canadian, AbouJaoude, takes up her new role following three years as Public Relations and Communications Executive at the InterContinental Hotel, Dubai where her main duties involved media relations, advertising and maintaining the corporate identity of the brand. Stephanie will spearhead all elements of internal and external communications. She will also oversee the propertys marketing programmes, said Andreas Flà ¼ckiger, General Manager, Radisson SAS Hotel, Dubai Deira Creek. Her comprehensive knowledge of this property is a real asset to us and she will play an integral part in establishing this hotel under the Radisson SAS brand. Radisson SAS Hotel, Dubai Deira Creek has 287 guest-rooms, including 39 suites, 16 food and beverage outlets as well as meeting and events facilities. 3.1 Relationship Marketing Radisson is part of the Carlson Hotels Worldwide system of hospitality properties which include Regent International Hotels, Radisson Hotels Resorts, Park Plaza Hotels, Country Inns Suites By Carlson, and Park Inn hotels. The parent company, Carlson Companies Inc., also owns and operates Radisson Seven Seas Cruises and T.G.I. Fridays restaurants. A world leader in Relationship Marketing, Carlson maintains a consumer loyalty program known as Gold Points Rewards. As one of the leading global hospitality companies, Radisson operates, manages and franchises 435 full-service hotels and resorts, representing more than 102,000 guest rooms in 61 countries. From its franchise partners and strategic allies, to every manager and employee at every hotel, the Radisson organization is committed to providing personalized, professional guest service and Genuine Hospitality With its focus on total guest satisfaction, Radisson employees undergo one of the hospitality industrys most dynamic guest relations training programs calledYes, I Can!This program translates the core of the companys service philosophy for hospitality excellence to the front-line service employees in Radisson operations worldwide. After more than a decade,Yes, I Can!has become a central part of the Radisson culture, creating a point of difference for the brand in the manner with which customers are served. Radisson hotels are named after the famous French explorer, Pierre Esprit Radisson, who visited many parts of the Upper Midwest and Canada during the 17th century. Radisson Gold Rewards offers guests the opportunity to earn and redeem Gold Points ® within an exclusive network of leading brands. Members who earn Gold Points can redeem them for free night stays, airline miles, luxury cruises, merchandise, meals, and more. In addition to all of Carlsons brands, other major national partners in the Gold Points Rewardsnetwork include Thrifty Car Rental, The Flower Club and FTD.com. Currently, Gold Points are earned at all Radisson hotels in the United States, Canada, the Caribbean, Mexico, Central and South America. Residents of these countries can earn points at Radisson SAS and Radisson Edwardian hotels in Europe as well. Members of Radisson Gold Rewards earn 1,000 Gold Points per night, up to 10,000 points per stay. Radisson is continuing to add new hotels and resorts in key international business and leisure destinations. Examples of the companys highly successful partnerships include the development of Radisson SAS hotels and three other Carlson hotel brands in Europe, the Middle East and Africa, and Radisson Edwardian Hotels in the United Kingdom. Global presence and expansion into new markets is a key part of Radissons heritage. Radisson opened the first American-managed hotel in Moscow and today has several locations throughout Eastern Europe. Radissons recent entry into the United Arab Emirates, Lebanon and Saudi Arabia in December 2002, expanded the brands global presence to 61 countries. 3.2 Customer Loyalty At Radisson, they are always looking for ways to give customers that little something extra. Thats why they offer Goldpoints Plus (goldpoints plusSM). Its the rewards program thats tailor-made for customers and their needs. goldpoints plusSM Free nights à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ · Enjoyfree hotel nightsstarting at just 15,000 points. à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ · Combine a fewPoints + Cashfor an Award Night. Miles à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ · Exchange yourpoints for mileswith over 20 airlines. Prepaid Cards à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ · Cash in your points for Visa ®or MasterCard ®Prepaid Cards. Express Awards à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ · Redeem points at the hotel forExpress Awardslike movies, room upgrades and more. Make a Donation à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ · Gift your points to theWorld Childhood Foundationor to offset yourCO2 emissions. And some more attractive programmes those are really help them to get a loyal customer. 100% Satisfaction If you arent satisfied with something, please let one of our staff know during your stay and well make it right or you wont pay. Its guaranteed. Global Locations With over 400 Radisson locations worldwide, our doors are always open to you. Ready to greet you with our signature Yes I Can!TMservice. Free High-Speed Internet We dont just want you to stay with us, we want you to connect with us. Thats why unlimited high speed Internet is free with your stay. Full Service Restaurant and Room Service Hungry for satisfaction? Youll get it when you enjoy a meal in one of our full service restaurants. If you prefer to stay in, help yourself to something from our room service menu! Business Centers Its easy to stay on the job even when youre traveling. Our business centers are fully upgraded to fit the way you work today. Pool and Fitness Centers Spend your downtime shaping up in our modernized fitness centers or take the plunge poolside and stay fit when youre on the go. Meeting and Banquet Facilities Whether youre planning a business meeting or a family celebration, were here to help. With the space and the services that will make your event special in every way. 4.0 Effectiveness of Marketing and Public Relation strategy Hotels Resorts is committed to change and innovation in all key areas including its growth strategy ,operations, franchising, sales and marketing and technology, to operate with maximum effectiveness in a highly competitive business environment . Technology will undoubtedly continue to develop andRadisson Hotels should continue to progress along with it to stay on top of the service industry as one of the best global hotelcompanies out there. ORLANDO, Florida As part of its Ambition 2015 plan, Carlson today unveiled a comprehensive strategy for its Radisson brand. As one of the worlds leading brands, Radisson ® is being positioned to deliver vibrant, contemporary and engaging hospitality characterized by the Yes I Can! service philosophy. The positioning is being supported by a series of innovations including new room concepts, new restaurant concepts and a series of new service concepts focused on the guest experience. The strategy for Radisson will entail an investment program of up to USD 1.5 billion in North America, focused on establishing flagship hotels in key U.S. cities and on upgrading the existing portfolio. With 422 hotels in operation and 90 in the contracted pipeline, Radisson is one of the most well-known and fastest-growing brands in the world, delivering market leading guest satisfaction and achieving superior RevPar penetration internationally, said Hubert Joly, president and CEO of Carlson. We have crystallized the success formula for the brand, improved it and are using it as the foundation for its future development. As part of this strategy, Carlson announced the global roll out of five new room concepts And Relax, Naturally Cool, New York Mansion, Ocean and Urban. All of the concepts share a vibrant and contemporary design, the use of bold colors and lighting, and a comfortable feeling. The global strategy also includes two new restaurant concepts. Filini will offer an upscale, sophisticated Italian cuisine, while rbg is a bar-and-grill concept in an inviting, contemporary setting. The strategy also introduces a range of service concepts covering the key touch points of the guest experience including, for example, Business Class and three-hour laundry. Business Class will offer customers the best available room, breakfast, turn-down service, upgraded bathroom amenities, a daily newspaper and other amenities depending on the market. As part of this strategy, the Radisson brand will be tiered across the upper upscale and upscale segments. Radisson Blu will be applied to the upper upscale segment and Radisson Green will be applied to the upscale segment. Both will share the same brand essence vibrant, contemporary and engaging the same style and many of the service concepts. The differentiation will primarily be location based key location in a primary city versus a secondary market. It will typically be reflected in the level of investment that goes into the property. The strategy will include the implementation of the brands new global standard operating procedures, a new quality assurance program and intensive training programs. The strategy will be supported by investments in marketing, sales and distribution as part of the overall Carlson Ambition 2015 plan. We have seen the power of the brand internationally and the very attractive return from renovating to the new standards, Joly said. The brand is poised for significant growth around the world and we expect to grow the portfolio to at least 600 hotels by 2015. Media interested in getting insight into Carlsons new global vision and corporate strategy are invited to view the live webcast of Hubert Jolys opening keynote atwww.carlsonhotelsmedia.com/ambition2015at 4:30 p.m. ET. A replay of this webcast will be available starting at 8 p.m. ET, Wednesday March 3, 2010. Effective Integrated Marketing Strategy Integration marketinghappens when two different, but complementary offers are made in succession, or when a Unit of Marketing Value is placed in front of an existing traffic stream. Radisson offers sleep number beds in many of their rooms. These beds allow guest to adjust the firmness to their liking. In this case, the integration is that, as a Radisson customer, they are entitled to receive Free home delivery, setup and removal OR $150 worth of accessories on select Sleep Number beds. The promotion is co-branded to reinforce that being a Radisson client has its special perks and privileges that they are looking out for customers well-being even when they are not staying at their hotel. In fact, they want the experience of sleeping in customers own bed to mimic the experience of sleeping in their bed. Integrated marketing is happening all around the guest all they have to do is look for it. 5.0 Recommendation and conclusion References www.radision http://www.hotel-online.com/News/PR2010_1st/Mar10_RadissonPlans.html http://www.greatestholiday.radissonblu.com/ http://www.nemetschek.bg/press/index.htm http://www.discoverfrance.net/Boutique/Travel/Hotels/Chains/Radisson.shtml SERVICE GUARANTEES AND STRATEGIC SERVICE QUALITY PERFORMANCE METRICS AT RADISSON HOTELS WORLDWIDE Arthur V. Hill * , Susan Geurs, Julie M. Hays, George John, David W. Johnson, and Richard A. Swanson Case Analysis: Customer-Driven Learning at Radisson Hotels Worldwide ReferencesAl, L. (1993). Service guarantees in outpatient clinics: a case study. Health Care Management Review, 18 (3), 59-65. Cahill, D. J., Warshawky, R. M. (1995). Beyond competence: unconditional guarantees as a customer-service tool. Journal of Customer Service inMarketingand Management, 1 (3), 67-77. Hart, Bibliography http://travel.yahoo.com/p-hotel-360091-radisson_ambassador_plaza_hotel_and_casino-i